This manuscript is associated with the indigenous community of El Cardonal in the modern state of Hidalgo, republic of Mexico. Some time during the Spanish colonial period, the name changed from Santa María Iztacapan to El Cardonal. The manuscript is an unpublished example from the genre called “Techialoyan Codices” — late colonial, Nahuatl-language manuscripts written and painted on amatl (amate in Spanish, the name for a native fig-bark paper). Techialoyan manuscripts date from the late-seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. This particular one is not found in the catalog published in the Handbook of Middle American Indians in 1975. This manuscript has sixteen folios measuring about 8.5” by 10”, in a typical organization for the genre, of two-sided, single leaves that have been bound on the left margin. It is both pictorial and textual. Four folios contain full, running text in Nahuatl. The remaining folios contain graphic images with brief explanatory texts. Graphics tend to represent landscapes in and around the community. They also show human figures on the landscape. Two figures identified as Chichimec warriors and a founding couple are dressed in skins and carry bows and arrows, but most people wear the white cotton clothing donned by indigenous people in the Spanish colonial period. Two of the dignitaries are doña Ana and doña María Cortés (indigenous women who took the name of the conqueror, Hernando Cortés after baptism). (Stephanie Wood)
Iztacapan, Manuscrito Techialoyan de
Title variants:
Manuscrito Techialoyan de Santa María Iztacapan (El Cardonal, Hidalgo, Mexico)
Principal editor:
Stephanie Wood
Provenance:
This manuscript was in the private collection of Jay I. Kislak in Miami Lakes, Florida, in the late twentieth and early twenty-first-century. The manuscript was for sale for a time in the mid-1980s at H.P. Kraus Rare Books and Manuscripts in New York. It is not known if Mr. Kislak purchased the manuscript from Kraus or if it changed hands one or more times before he acquired it. Prior to the 1980s, its ownership history is unknown. Mr. Kislak donated the manuscript to the Library of Congress in 2007.
Transcriptions and Translations
| Analytic Transcription | English Translation | Literal Transcription | Spanish Translation | Standardized Transcription | |
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[IV, f. 4v.] mopalehuyzque yc qu[i]nextizque quixtlahuazque yn itlacalaquiltzin to[-] hueytlatocatzin ca moh(?) altepetlatquitl neztoc neztimani auh ypan[p?]a cemicac yoqui mah ......oz quimatiezque y...] ...ualmomanazque yn hualmozcaltizque cem[i]cac quitepotztocazque .... tlalamatl altepe................moh nizt......... | [IV, f. 4v.] They will be helped(?). So that they are to produce, they are to pay the tributes of our great ruler. For all the property of the altepetl is appearing, it appears [pictorially?]. So for this reason, eternally in this way, it will be known how they [the altepetl] are to be established, how they are to see the light. They are to look into this land document, altepetl [document] forever,............. all here .... | [IV, f. 4v.] mopalehuyzque ycqu nextizque quixtlahuazq ue ynitlacalaquiltzinto hueytlatocatzincamo h(?)altepetlatquitlneztoc neztimaniauhypan ..acemicacyoquimah ......ozquimatiezquey ..hualmomanazqueyn hualmozcaltizquecem .cacquitepotztocazque ynin(?) tlalamatl altepe... .............moh nizt......... | [IV, f. 4v.] Ellos serán ayudados (?) Ellos tendrán que producir, ellos tendrán que pagar los tributos de nuestro gran gorbernante (soberano). Todas las propiedades del pueblo están apareciendo, aparecen [¿pictóricamente?]. Por esta razón, eternamente de esta manera, se sabrá como que ellos [el pueblo] deben ser establecidos, como ellos deben ver la luz. Ellos tendran que examinar este documento de la tierras, el pueblo [documento] para siempre.........todo aquí.... | [IV, f. 4v.] mo(?)palehuizque ic quinextizque quixtlahuazque in itlacalaquiltzin tohueitlatocatzin ca moch altepetlatquitl neztoc neztimani auh ipampa cemicac iuhqui mach[iztit?]oz quimatiezque in hualmomanazque in hualmozcaltizque cemicac quitepotztocazque inin tlalamatl altepe[amatl?]................moch niz t......... |
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[IV, f. 5r.] ..ti mani yn altepet...uitl moh niz neztoc nez[ti]mani yn quename..tzinti ynin yaltepe..yn yntlaçoçihuap... ....te malie totlaçonan[tzin?] ca moh niz neztoc ca y.....co tlalmaçehualoc.... yn caxtilteca tona.... ...uiçayanpa ohuale....ye ycuac niz otlalte........omoteneuh y......tepeuh auh.......... | [IV, f. 5r.] ... appears [pictorially?] the altepetl ....... all here are appearing, it appears how it was founded, this altepetl of the precious lady Holy Mary, our precious mother, for everything appears here, how lands were won, when the Castilians came from the east. Already at that time here ...... lands .... the said .... altepetl of ...... so that | [IV, f. 5r.] ..timaniynaltepet... uitlmohnizneztocnez.. maniynquename.. tzintiyninyaltepe.. yn yntlaçoçihuap... temalietotlaconan.. camohnizneztoccay... ..cotlalmaçehualoc.... yncaxtiltecatona.... ..uiçayanpaohuale.... yeycuacnizotlalte... ......omoteneuhy.... ..tepeuh auh.......... | [IV, f. 5r.] ... aparece[pictóricamente] el pueblo ........ todos aquí aparecen, aparece como se fundó, este pueblo de la señora preciosa, Santa Maria, nuestra preciosa madre, porque todo aquí aparece, como se ganaron las tierras, cuando llegaron los Castellanos del Este ..... ya en esa época aquí ...... tierras ..... el dicho ..... pueblo de ..... para que | [IV, f. 5r.] neztimani [?] in altepetlatquitl [?] moch niz neztoc neztimani in quename..tzinti inin yaltepe..inin tlaçoçihuapilli [?] Santa María totlaçonantzin [?] ca moch niz neztoc ca i.....co tlalmaçehualoc.... in caxtilteca tonatiuh iquiçayanpa ohualeuh [? or ohualehuaya ?] ye icuac niz otlalte... ......omoteneuh y.... ..tepeuh auh.......... |
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[IV, 5v.] ...ico yn tohueytla...catzin ton antonio te [m]entoxa otitlalmacoque ..ztoc yn canin nene ...coaxohtl yn canin..i mani altepetlatqui ...li moh niz tictecpana ...panpa cemicac neztoz .....lozque yn topil....yn ca onaçi yn itla..nal ytititzal ynin ...etlauh ypanpa yo | [IV, 5v.] ...... our great ruler don Antonio de Mendoza. We won the land. ... appears where the boundaries run, where the property of the altepetl.... We set down everything here so that eternally it is to appear .......... our children ....... arrive .................. this .......... so that ....... | [IV, 5v.] .....icoyntohueytla ...catzintonantoniote ..entoxaotitlalmacoque ..ztoc yn canin nene ...coaxohtl yn canin ..imanialtepetlatqui ...limohniztictecpana ..panpacemicacneztoz .....lozque yn topil ....ynca onaçi ynitla ..nalytititzalynin ...etlauhypanpayo | [IV, 5v.] ...... nuestro gran soberano don Antonio de Mendoza. Ganamos la tierra. ... aparece donde corren los linderos, donde la propiedad del pueblo.... Establecemos todo aquí para que aparezca eternamente ............ nuestros principales ...... llega ............ este ........... para que ..... | [IV, 5v.] .....ico in tohueitla[to]catzin don Antonio de Mendoza. Otitlalmacoque neztoc[?] in canin nenemi [?] quaxochtli in canin neztimani altepetlatquitl [?] .ili. Moch niz tictecpana ipampa cemicac neztoz.....lozque in topilhuan [?] in ca onaçi in itla...nal itititzal inin...etlauh ipampa iuh |
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[IV, f. 6r.] qui cemicac neztoz y.. tlen iaxca toaltepeu.. axcan ypan yn mo...huytl nican ytec y.... totecpanhan tin.......ntin altepehua......... xilacaleque o......... quipanotoqu........teh m...ctique.......yn axcan.............litiliztli pan......................y.............. | [IV, f. 6r.] ... will eternally appear ..... the property of our altepetl. Now ..... year(?). Here, inside our government palace, we ...... citizens of the altepetl, tlaxilacalli citizens ... are serving(? or paying tributes?)...... us ........... now ................ | [IV, f. 6r.] quicemicac neztoz y.. tlemaxcatoaltepeu. axcan ypan ynmo huytlnicanytecy.. totecpanhantin.... ntinaltepehua...... xilacaleque o...... quipanotoqu...... tehm...ctique...... yn axcan........ litiliztlipan........... ...........y.............. | [IV, f. 6r.] ...... aparecerá eternamente .... la propiedad de nuestro pueblo. Ahora .... año(?). Aquí, dentro de nuestro palacio municipal, nosotros ..... ciudadanos del pueblo, del los tlaxilacalli ... estamos sirviendo(? o pagando tributos?) ....... nosotros .......... ahora ............. | [IV, f. 6r.] qui cemicac neztoz i..tlen iaxca toaltepeu.. axcan ipan in mo...huitl nican itec y....totecpanchan timochintin [?] altepehuaque [?] tlaxilacalleque [?] o.........quipanotoqu........techm...ctique.......in axcan.............litiliztli pan......................i.............. |
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[IV, f. 6v.] ..tohueytlatocatzin niz tictecpana tictlilma..otia ynin altepeama ..emicac quipiazque qui ..potztocazque y..........ehuaque amo ac quitlacoz ynin totlatlail...lanahuatil mopiez a ....tlacahuyz=== .ehuapol ton antelex ..ohitzin onictlilmachioti itencopa pipilt.............................................. | [IV, f. 6v.] ...our great ruler. Here we set down, we write this altepetl paper. Eternally [the citizens of the altepetl?] are to keep it, they are to see to it. No one is to ........ What we have issued, what we have ordered will be observed. It is never to be violated. Wretched me, don Andrés.... I wrote it at the order of the nobles. | [IV, f. 6v.] ..tohueytlatocatzin niztictecpanatictlilma ..otia ynin altepeama ..emicac quipiazque qui ..potztocazque y....... ...ehuaque amo acqu... ...cozynintotlatlalil.. ..lanahuatil mopiez a ....tlacahuyz=== .ehuapoltonantelex ..ohitzin onictlilmahiot... ...ncopapipilt........... ..................................... | [IV, f. 6v.] ... nuestro gran soberano. Aquí establecemos, escribimos este documento del pueblo. Eternamente [los ciudadanos del pueblo] tienen que guardarlo, tienen que cuidarlo. Nadie debe .... nuestro [documento?]. Nuestro mandamiento se guadará. [Nadie] debe hacerlo daño. Desgraciable de mi, don Andrés .... Lo escribí bajo la orden de los nobles. | [IV, f. 6v.] ..tohueitlatocatzin niz tictecpana tictlilmachiotia inin altepeamatl....cemicac quipiazque qui..potztocazque y..........ehuaque amo ac quitlacoz inin totlatlail...lanahuatil mopiez aic [?] itlacahuiz [?] === nehuapol don Andrés..ohitzin onictlilmachioti itencopa pipiltin [?]........... ..................................... |
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[V, f. 1r.] nican motenehua maçatlan mani yntlal altepehuaque | [V, f. 1r.] Here at the place called Mazatlan is the land of the citizens of the altepetl. | [V, f. 1r.] nican motene hua maçatlan maniyn tlalaltepe huaque | [V, f. 1r.] Aquí [en el paraje] llamado Mazatlan está la tierra de los ciudadanos del altepetl. | [V, f. 1r.] Nican motenehua Maçatlan mani intlal altepehuaque. |
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tepetzinco | Tepetzinco. | tepetzinco | Tepetzinco. | Tepetzinco. |
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[V, f. 1v.] cihuapipilti toy ana yhuan toya malia coltex lin | [V, f. 1v.] The noblewomen, doña Ana and doña María Cortés ...lin. | [V, f. 1v.] çihuapipiltitoyanayhu antoyamaliacoltex... lin | [V, f. 1v.] Las principalas, doña Ana y doña María Cortés ...lin. | [V, f. 1v.] Cihuapipiltin, doña Ana ihuan doña Maiía Cortes...lin. |
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[V, f. 2r.] ton tomico ton caxpal ton antelex motecçoçomatzitzin | [V, f. 2r.] Don Domingo, don Gaspar, and don Andrés Moteuczoma. | [V, f. 2r.] tontomicotoncaxpaltonan telexmotecçoçomatzitzin | [V, f. 2r.] Don Domingo, don Gaspar, y don Andrés Moctezuma. | [V, f. 2r.] Don Domingo, don Gaspar, [ihuan] don Andrés Moteucçomatzin. |