Ocoyacac, Manuscrito Techialoyan de

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This manuscript belongs to the genre called primordial titles and is an example of the subset called Techialoyan codices or Techialoyan manuscripts. Techialoyans are late-seventeenth or early eighteenth-century Nahua revivalist manuscripts that strive to recapture ancient ways of documenting community history, elite indigenous lineages, and territorial extensions.

This one is related to San Martín Ocoyacac (now called Ocoyoacac) in the Valley of Toluca. Ulf Bankmann published a study of it in the journal Indiana.

(Stephanie Wood)

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Photos of this manuscript were shot by Stephanie Wood thanks to the kind permission of the Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin where the manuscript is currently housed. It is called Manuscripta Americana 7.

Ellen Heenan, at the University of Oregon, has processed the images using PhotoShop and has inserted them into our Filemaker Pro database so that they could be annotated (2015).

Title variants: 
Das Ortsbuch von San Martín Ocoyacac, México; Códice Techialoyan de Ocoyacac; Altepeamatl de Ocoyacac
Principal editor: 
Stephanie Wood

Transcriptions and Translations

Analytic Transcription English Translation Literal Transcription Spanish Translation Standardized Transcription
[f. 1r.] Altepeama.. xa maltin ocoya cac [tl?]atquitl OOO [SW] Town document (titles) of San Martín Ocoyacac, the property. [SW]
[f. 1v.] ...n ypan ynin altepetl ocoyacac mo[-] tenehua motlapielia totlaçotatzin xa[n] maltintzin opizpo ocotitlan ocoya[-] cac coauhtenco toxantitlan coa[-] uhtzalan(?) niz ypan ynin ytlaçoalte[-] petzin yn totlaçotatzin otitoçenne... hicoque timohyntin altepehuaque tlaxilacaleque axcan ypan ynin cahuytl niz otitlalmacoque omote[-] neuhque altepeme ytencopatzin[-] co yn tohueytlatocauh ton antonio] te mentoxa pili otlalxexelolo.. ypan ynin cahuytl metztli huey mi.. ylhuitl xihuytl ytlalpohual cent[zon] tli ypan macuilpuali yhuan çe.. [SW] [f. 1v.] ... in this altepetl called Ocoyacac is kept our precious father San Martín Obispo. At Ocotitlan, Ocoyacac, Coauhtenco, Tozantitlan, [and] Cuauhtzalan. Here in this, the precious altepetl of our precious father we all assembled, all of us, the people of the altepetl, the people of the tlaxilacalli, today in this time here we were given the aforementioned altepetl by order of our great ruler don Antonio de Mendoza [the viceroy], the noble. Lands were distributed in this time, the month of the great ... the day, the year’s count 400 and 300 and one... [SW]
[f. 2r.] puali yhuan caxtol xihuytl çe tec[-]- patl ome acatl toxiuhmolpia ni[-] can ytec ynin totecpanhan tlatzon[-]- tecoyan otitoçennehicoque timoh[-] yntin altepehuaque niz tipouhque yn tehuan axcan tictequipanotoque altepetl tichiuhtoque* yanquic tequitl otehmactique otimacoque topil in [n]i[-] can ypan ynin altepetl titlacuauh-[] nahuatia ma moyectecpana motlil[-] mahioti yn tlali otehmonemactili yn tohueytlatocatzin yn quitequipano[-] ..que tepilhuan altepehuaque ynic mo[-] tlatemolizque quixtlahuazque yn itla[-] [c]alaquiltzin yn tohueytlatocatzin [SW] [f. 2r.] twenty and 15 years [i.e. 735, meaning 1735?], one flint two reed [note: these are names for two different years] our years are tied. Here in this our lordly palace, our palace of justice, we assembled, all of the people of the altepetl. Here we counted the people. Today we established the altepetl, We set the new tributes. They handed over to us, we were given the staff [of office] here in this altepetl. We strictly enjoin [?], let it be set well in order, be manifested in black, your great ruler gave the land to us. The people’s children, the people of the altepetl, are to serve so that they will look for, they will pay their tributes to our great lord [SW]
[f. 2 v.] onmoetztica tonatiuh yquizayan[-] pa auh ypanpa mahiztitoz ynic omo[-] man ynin yaltepetzin yn totlaçotatzi[n] axcan niz motlilmahiotia ca ycuac qu(?) ipan yn itlatocayo yn hueytlato... tlatoani totecuyo axayacatzin ye y[-] cuac niz titopahoque omoteneuh ynin altepetl ocoyacac auh yn axc.. niz topan oazico yn tlaneltoquiliztli motlapielia totlaçotatzin xa maltin ca otehmocnoytili yn totlatocatzin y.. tlali otimacoque moh niz tecpan... ni yteh ynin altepeamatl neztoc neztimani yn canpa mani tlali [SW] [f. 2v.] here is the sun’s rising place [the East]. And in order that it appears how this altepetl of our precious father was established, here it is manifested in black. It is in the time of the rulership of the great ruler, our lord Axayacatl. It was already when here we bowed down in this altepetl called Ocoyacac. And today, here, upon us arrived the faith [and] our precious father San Martín is kept. Our ruler humbled us. We were given land. All here in the palace, in this town document, it appears where the land is. [SW]
[f. 3r.] nenemi coaxohtli onazi ayayatztla no(?) zacamilpan atzoyatla tamazolan titocu[-] axohnamique yn canpa motenehua tlilzoquipan yn nahuac altepehuq.. xanta malietzin tepexoyucan ma[-] ni coaxohtli neztoc neztimani quamate(?)[-] tepexoquian altepehuaque nenemi coaxohtli hualmocuepa canin mote[-] nehua tozantitlan ocotenco nenemi on[-] azi tepeticpaccan ... mani cuauhzoya[-] tl hualmuecuepa yxtlahuatl ypan canin motenehua xalpan atl ynequi[-] antoli(?) yntlan mani ontzontli mecatl tla.. a yaxca yn totecpanhan huytlatztoc neztimani yn zemicac quitequipa[-] [SW] [f. 3r.] the border runs along. It arrives at Ayayatztla, also at Zacamilpan, Atzoyatla, [and] Tamazolan. We share a border where its called Tlilzoquipan next to the people of the altepetl of Santa María Tepexoyuca. There is a border that appears at Quamate... ]of] the people of Tepexoquian, The border runs and turns this direction at the place called Tozantitlan Ocotenco. It runs, it arrives at Tepeticpaccan, at Cuauhzoyatl. It turns at the plain in the place called Xalpan Atl. .... if there are 800 mecatl (measuring cords) of land, it is the property of our ruling palace. It stretches out, appearing. Eternally they are to work it... [SW]
[f. 3v.] nozque yn tepilhuan altepehuaque ca nel oncan quiza ynic motlalhuyqu.. tililia yn totlazotatzin xa maltin yn tlatlali zemicac mopiez omoacqui[-] panahuyz amo acqui tlacoz auh yn tequitcatlali neztimani y quitequip.. nozque altepehuaque tepilhuan t.. calaquique amo acquin mozihuy.. ca yn intlal niz motenehua nica.. tecpanli (?) mani otehmomaquili.. tohueytlatocatzin ley auh za yet n... yoqui yn topili otehmactique ax[-] can tictequipanotoque yanqui(?) te[-] quitl timohyntin nican ont.....y.. [SW] [f. 3v.] (forthcoming)
[f. 4r.] (forthcoming) [F. 4r.] (forthcoming)
[f. 4v.] ynin cahuytl niz titotlilmahiotia tonaly tohu timochyntin tequihu[a][-] que niz ytec ynin totecpanhan to[-] tzontecoyan tecpatl tohtli acatl to[-] xiuhmolpia ----- + nehuapol to miquel axa[-] yacatl hueycal[-] pixque --- + ton aloxo axaya[-] catl tecpanquizque + to maltin te xa miqu[el] tlayacanqui + xihuan te xanti[-] aco tlayacanqui + to malcox tayatzin tlaltecatzin tlaya[-] canqui---- Nehuapol ton xihuan te xal maltin axayatl tlacuylo onichiuh notequiuh(?) yn tencopan yn altepehuaque tlatoque [SW] [f. 4v.] (forthcoming)
[f. 5r.] tocolhuan cu......tlaca acolhuaque [f. 5r.] our grandparents, people of ..., Acolhua people
[f. 6r.] niz motenehua tepetzin coatlan tlapehco mani ontzontli mecatl tlali altepehuaque ymaxca nenemi coaxohtli huytlatztimani [SW] [f. 6r.] Here it is called Tepetzin Coatlan Tlapechco. There are 800 mecatl (measuring cords) of land. It is the property of the people of the altepetl. The border runs along stretching out. [SW]